Journal
SMALL
Volume 15, Issue 48, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901930
Keywords
EPR effect; nanodiamonds; polyglycerol; stealth effect; tumor imaging
Categories
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [16K20187, 17H02738]
- JSPS Japan-Russia Bilateral Joint Research Program
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20160329]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [31600805, 81671818]
- Takeda Medical Research Foundation
- Lilly grant
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K20187, 17H02738] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Preferential accumulation of nanoparticles in a tumor is realized commonly by combined effects of active and passive targeting. However, passive targeting based on an enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect is not sufficient to observe clear tumor fluorescence images in most of the in vivo experiments using tumor-bearing mice. Herein, polyglycerol-functionalized nanodiamonds (ND-PG) conjugated with cyanine dye (Cy7) are synthesized and it is found that the resulting ND-PG-Cy7 is preferentially accumulated in the tumor, giving clear fluorescence in in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence images. One of the plausible reasons is the longer in vivo blood circulation time of ND-PG-Cy7 (half-life: 58 h determined by the pharmacokinetic analysis) than that of other nanoparticles (half-life: <20 h in most of the previous reports). In a typical example, the fluorescence intensity of tumors increases due to continuous tumor accumulation of ND-PG-Cy7, even more than one week postinjection. This may be owing to the stealth effect of PG that was reported previously, avoiding recognition and excretion by reticuloendothelial cells, which are abundant in liver and spleen. In fact, the fluorescence intensities from the liver and spleen is similar to those from other organs, while the tumor exhibits much stronger fluorescence in the ex vivo image.
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