Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 116, Issue 28, Pages 13816-13824Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904636116
Keywords
green solvent; bioenergy; cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; lignocellulosic biomass
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Funding
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology-The University of British Columbia Biorefinery on-site laboratory project
- UT-Battelle, LLC [DE-AC05-00OR22725]
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI)
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the DOE Office of Science
- U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- NIH Shared Instrumentation Grant [1S10OD012254]
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Despite the enormous potential shown by recent biorefineries, the current bioeconomy still encounters multifaceted challenges. To develop a sustainable biorefinery in the future, multidisciplinary research will be essential to tackle technical difficulties. Herein, we leveraged a known plant genetic engineering approach that results in aldehyde-rich lignin via down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and disruption of monolignol biosynthesis. We also report on renewable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) synthesized from phenolic aldehydes that can be obtained from CAD mutant biomass. The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana CAD mutant was pretreated with the DESs and showed a twofold increase in the yield of fermentable sugars compared with wild type (WT) upon enzymatic saccharification. Integrated use of low-recalcitrance engineered biomass, characterized by its aldehyde-type lignin subunits, in combination with a DES-based pretreatment, was found to be an effective approach for producing a high yield of sugars typically used for cellulosic biofuels and biobased chemicals. This study demonstrates that integration of renewable DES with plant genetic engineering is a promising strategy in developing a closed-loop process.
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