Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 122, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.247401
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Funding
- joint French-U.S. Agence Nationale de la Recherche project [14-CE26-0037-01]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [CHE-1416454]
- Nano'K project Rare Earth Doped Crystals for Ultra-High Stability
- University of Calgary
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Efficient and reversible optical to microwave transducers are required for entanglement transfer between superconducting qubits and light in quantum networks. Rare-earth-doped crystals with narrow optical and spin transitions are a promising system for enabling these devices. Current resonant transduction approaches use ground-state electron spin transitions that have coherence lifetimes often limited by spin flip-flop processes and spectral diffusion, even at very low temperatures. We investigate spin coherence in an optically excited state of an Er3+: Y2SiO5 crystal at temperatures from 1.6 to 3.5 K for a low 8.7 mT magnetic field compatible with superconducting resonators. Spin coherence and population lifetimes of up to 1.6 mu s and 1.2 ms, respectively, are measured by optically detected spin echo experiments. Analysis of decoherence processes suggest that ms coherence can be reached at lower temperatures for the excited-state spins, whereas ground-state spin coherence would be limited to a few mu s due to resonant interactions with other Er3+ spins in the lattice and greater instantaneous spectral diffusion from the radio-frequency control pulses. We propose a quantum transducer scheme with potential for close to unity efficiency that exploits the advantages offered by spin states of the optically excited electronic energy levels.
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