Utilization of a phosphorene-graphene/TMDC heterostructure in a surface plasmon resonance-based fiber optic biosensor

In this study, we theoretically designed a performance-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based fiber optic biosensor by employing phosphorene with two-dimensional (2-D) materials, such as graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), and tungsten diselenide (WSe2). This is the first model of a phosphorene-based fiber optic SPR biosensor utilizing 2-D materials. The performance of the biosensor was analyzed in terms of its sensitivity and figure of merit. The analysis indicated that the proposed sensor has fundamentally higher sensitivity compared with ordinary fiber optic SPR sensors. The sensitivity was increased to 4050 nm/RIU for a structure with 10 layers of black phosphorene and three layers of graphene. Thus, we suggest that the proposed novel 2-D material-based sensors containing black phosphorene will be suitable for sensing applications.