Journal
OPTICS EXPRESS
Volume 27, Issue 13, Pages 18585-18600Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
DOI: 10.1364/OE.27.018585
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Funding
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- U. S. Army Research Office [W911NF1910109]
- University of Pennsylvania (Penn Engineering)
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) [W911NF1910109] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
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Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in polar dielectrics are potential candidates for infrared nanophotonics due to their low optical loss and long phonon life-time. However, the small confinement factors of bulk SPhPs, limits their applications that require small footprint and strong light-matter interaction. Here, we report that ultrathin van der Waals dielectrics (e.g., MoS2 and h-BN) on Silicon Carbide enable ultra-confined dielectric tailored surface phonon polaritons (d-SPhPs) where the confinement factor can exceed 100. By creating a heterostructure of these vdW dielectrics with graphene, the d-SPhPs can hybridize with graphene plasmons which can be electrically tuned. By subwavelength patterning of the vdW dielectrics, these hybrid polaritons can be localized into ultra-small antenna volumes (lambda(3)(0)/v(antenna)(3)similar to 100(3)) with high-quality factor resonances (Q similar to 85). Further, electric gating of graphene enables active tunability of these localized resonances which results in an electro-optic modulator with modulation depth exceeding 95%. Our report of manipulating and controlling ultra-confined SPhPs in van der Waals heterostructures, serves as a possible route for non-plasmonic platforms for infrared photodetectors, modulators and sensors. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement
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