Effect of trim on container ship resistance at different ship speeds and drafts

The resistance of a container ship at three different Froude numbers and drafts is predicted using RaNS simulations, demonstrating that the optimum trim angle varies with ship speed and draft. First, the zero trim condition results were validated with experimental data, and later trim optimization was performed. It is concluded that optimum trim condition for container ships vary with forward speed and draft condition, and the variation does not appear to follow any particular trend. Trim optimization at different speeds and drafts can be a convenient and effective way for vessels to improve efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and limit harmful emissions. Operational optimization, including trim, is the most practical way of improvement of efficient and environmental friendliness for existing vessels and in that way complement the choices during design, so as to fulfil environmental concerns and related regulations.