Journal
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
Volume 36, Issue 3, Pages 563-582Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00077-z
Keywords
HAND; HIV; Rotarod; Dopamine; Microglia; Hippocampus; Astrocyte; Neuroinflammation; Learning
Categories
Funding
- HHS [NS079172, NS074916]
- NIH [Z01 ES021164-12, Z01 ES101623-05]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [ZIAES021164] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Animal models have been used to study cellular processes related to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat expresses HIV viral genes except the gag-pol replication genes and exhibits neuropathological features similar to HIV patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Using this rat, alterations in dopaminergic function have been demonstrated; however, the data for neuroinflammation and glial reactivity is conflicting. Differences in behavior, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, neuroinflammation, and glia reactivity were assessed in HIV-1 Tg male rats. At 6 and 12 weeks of age, rotarod performance was diminished, motor activity was not altered, and active avoidance latency performance and memory were diminished in HIV-1 Tg rats. TH+ immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra (SN) was decreased at 8 months but not at 2-5 months. At 5 months, astrocyte and microglia morphology was not altered in the cortex, hippocampus, or SN. In the striatum, astrocytes were unaltered, microglia displayed slightly thickened proximal processes, mRNA levels for Iba1 and Cd11b were elevated, and interleukin (Il)1 alpha,Cxcr3, and cell adhesion molecule, Icam, decreased. In the hippocampus, mRNA levels for Tnfa and Cd11b were slightly elevated. No changes were observed in the cortex or SN. The data support an age-related effect of HIV proteins upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and suggest an early response of microglia in the terminal synaptic region with little evidence of an associated neuroinflammatory response across brain regions.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available