Weakly supervised precise segmentation for historical document images

With the passing of history, precious cultural heritage was left behind to tell ancient stories, especially those in the form of written documents. In this paper, a weakly supervised segmentation system with recognition-guided information on attention area, is proposed for high-precision historical document segmentation under strict intersection-over-union (IoU) requirements. We formulate the character segmentation problem from Bayesian decision theory perspective and propose boundary box segmentation (BBS), recognition-guided BBS (Rg-BBS), and recognition-guided attention BBS (Rg-ABBS), progressively, to search for the segmentation path. Furthermore, a novel judgment gate mechanism is proposed to train a high-performance character recognizer in an incremental weakly supervised learning manner. The proposed Rg-ABBS method is shown to substantially reduce time consumption while maintaining sufficiently high precision of the segmentation result by incorporating both character recognition knowledge and line-level annotation. Experiments show that the proposed Rg-ABBS system significantly outperforms traditional segmentation methods as well as deep-learning-based instance segmentation and detection methods under strict IoU requirements. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.