Journal
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 126, Issue -, Pages 165-177Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.011
Keywords
Brain; Cerebrovascular injury; Cerebrovascular inflammation; Blood-brain barrier; Neurological disorder
Categories
Funding
- State Key Program of National Natural Science of China [81730101]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFE0125400]
- National Natural Science Foundations of China [81573411]
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The cerebrovascular system is not only inert bystandard that support the metabolic demands of the brain but also elicit the barrier functions against risk factors mediated neurovascular injury. The onsets of cerebrovascular inflammation are considered as stimuli that can provoke the host defense system and trigger the development of neurological disorders. Homeostasis of the brain function is regulated by the movement of endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which acts as a platform for the coordinated action of anti and pro-inflammatory mechanisms. The cerebrovascular system plays an integral role in the inflammatory response by either producing or expressing a variety of cytokines, adhesion molecules, metalloproteinases, and serine proteases. Excessive inflammatory cytokine production can further be affecting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and lead to brain tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the more recent evidence highlighting the importance of cerebrovascular injury in terms of risk prediction, and the mechanisms mediating the upregulation of inflammatory mediators in cerebrovascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration.
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