Journal
NATURE MATERIALS
Volume 18, Issue 10, Pages 1105-+Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9
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Funding
- Faraday Institution All-Solid-State Batteries with Li and Na Anodes [FIRG007, FIRG008]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
- SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub [EP/L019469/1]
- Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries [EP/M009521/1]
- University of Oxford [EP/M02833X/1]
- Henry Royce Institute [EP/R010145/1]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [1939654] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/S019367/1, EP/M02833X/1, 1801932, EP/R010145/1, EP/L019469/1, EP/P003532/1, EP/M009521/1, EP/S003053/1, 1939654] Funding Source: UKRI
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A critical current density on stripping is identified that results in dendrite formation on plating and cell failure. When the stripping current density removes Li from the interface faster than it can be replenished, voids form in the Li at the interface and accumulate on cycling, increasing the local current density at the interface and ultimately leading to dendrite formation on plating, short circuit and cell death. This occurs even when the overall current density is considerably below the threshold for dendrite formation on plating. For the Li/Li6PS5Cl/Li cell, this is 0.2 and 1.0 mA cm(-2) at 3 and 7 MPa pressure, respectively, compared with a critical current for plating of 2.0 mA cm(-2) at both 3 and 7 MPa. The pressure dependence on stripping indicates that creep rather than Li diffusion is the dominant mechanism transporting Li to the interface. The critical stripping current is a major factor limiting the power density of Li anode solid-state cells. Considerable pressure may be required to achieve even modest power densities in solid-state cells.
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