Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 19, Issue 7, Pages 4371-4379Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00985
Keywords
Transition-metal dichalcogenides; defects; scanning tunneling microscopy; 2D materials
Categories
Funding
- NSF MRSEC program through Columbia in the Center for Precision Assembly of Superstratic and Superatomic Solids [DMR-1420634]
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-16-1-0601]
- School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University
- EPSRC [EP/P020194/1, EP/K013564/1]
- Queen's Fellow Award [M8407MPH]
- Department for the Economy [USI 097]
- U.S. Army Research Office MURI Grant [W911NF-11-1-0362]
- Office Naval Research DURIP Grant [11997003]
- NSF [DMR-1157490]
- Enabling Fund [A5047TSL]
- EPSRC [EP/K013459/1, EP/P020194/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Two dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) based semiconductors have generated intense recent interest due to their novel optical and electronic properties and potential for applications. In this work, we characterize the atomic and electronic nature of intrinsic point defects found in single crystals of these materials synthesized by two different methods, chemical vapor transport and self-flux growth. Using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we show that the two major intrinsic defects in these materials are metal vacancies and chalcogen antisites. We show that by control of the synthetic conditions, we can reduce the defect concentration from above 10(13)/cm(2) to below 10(11)/cm(2). Because these point defects act as centers for nonradiative recombination of excitons, this improvement in material quality leads to a hundred-fold increase in the radiative recombination efficiency
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