Journal
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 16, Issue 8, Pages 3333-3349Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00409
Keywords
exosomes; cancer; biomarkers; diagnosis; delivery vehicles; therapy
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81573613, 81873011]
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality [16401901900, 18401931500]
- Development Fund for Shanghai Talents [201658]
- Outstanding Talents Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission [2018BR27]
- Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines [SKLNMKF201809]
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Exosomes are described as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by multiple cell types and extensively distributed in various biological fluids. They contain multifarious bioactive molecules and transfer them to adjoining or distal cells through systemic circulation, participating in intracellular and intercellular communication, and modulating host-tumor cell interactions. Recent research has indicated that exosomes obtained from different biological fluids and their contents (proteins, nucleic acids, glycoconjugates, and lipids) can serve as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. Furthermore, the discovery of exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles has drawn much attention in antineoplastic drug delivery. They can be utilized for therapeutic delivery of proteins, genetic drugs, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Herein, this review summarizes the biogenesis, structure, and components of exosomes, focusing primarily on their two possible applications as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic delivery vehicles for cancers.
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