Journal
MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS
Volume 83, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00074-18
Keywords
anaerobic oxidation of methane; anerobic methanotrophs
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Funding
- Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Program ETeCoS3 (Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils and Sediments) [2010-0009]
- Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship [UREANMetOX-300078]
- Science Foundation Ireland [15/RP/2763]
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [15/RP/2763] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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In marine anaerobic environments, methane is oxidized where sulfate-rich seawater meets biogenic or thermogenic methane. In those niches, a few phylogenetically distinct microbial types, i.e., anaerobic methanotrophs (ANME), are able to grow through anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Due to the relevance of methane in the global carbon cycle, ANME have drawn the attention of a broad scientific community for 4 decades. This review presents and discusses the microbiology and physiology of ANME up to the recent discoveries, revealing novel physiological types of anaerobic methane oxidizers which challenge the view of obligate syntrophy for AOM. An overview of the drivers shaping the distribution of ANME in different marine habitats, from cold seep sediments to hydrothermal vents, is given. Multivariate analyses of the abundance of ANME in various habitats identify a distribution of distinct ANME types driven by the mode of methane transport. Intriguingly, ANME have not yet been cultivated in pure culture, despite intense attempts. Further advances in understanding this microbial process are hampered by insufficient amounts of enriched cultures. This review discusses the advantages, limitations, and potential improvements for ANME laboratory-based cultivation systems.
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