Journal
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
Volume 97, Issue 8, Pages 1065-1084Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01804-x
Keywords
Acute liver failure; Mesenchymal stromal cell; Hepatocyte-like cell; Conditioned medium; Exosomes
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81700553]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017 M183789]
- Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81121002]
- Independent Fund of State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University
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After the death of large numbers of cells in liver tissue is triggered by various hepatotoxic factors, intimidating and life-threatening acute liver failure (ALF) can develop with high mortality and expensive costs. Although liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation have become substitutes for improving liver regeneration, their applications are inhibited by scarce tissue and cell resources. Therefore, the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their derivatives including hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), conditioned medium (CM), and exosomes (Ex) can help alleviate liver injury in ALF individuals or animal models via engraftment into liver tissue, hepatogenic differentiation, the promotion of host hepatocyte proliferation, the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors and antioxidants, and the enhancement of liver regeneration in vivo. In addition, biomaterial scaffolds protect MSCs against a harsh microenvironment in vitro and in vivo, in addition to providing physical and directional support for liver regeneration. In this review, we aimed to discuss the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic effects of MSCs and their derivatives on rescuing ALF animal models according to current studies. Further breakthroughs are required to establish safer, more stable, and more effective stem cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine for repairing liver injury, thus reducing the morbidity and mortality of ALF in the near future.
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