Journal
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
Volume 579, Issue -, Pages 52-69Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.049
Keywords
Mineral scaling; Membrane desalination; Scaling mechanisms; Scaling mitigation; Scaling-resistant membrane
Categories
Funding
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, at Colorado State University
- Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) under the Department of Interior via DWPR [R18AC00108]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21776205, 91534124]
- University of Delaware Research Foundation
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Mineral scaling is one of the primary factors that constrain the performance of membrane desalination. However, compared to numerous studies on organic and biological fouling, less effort has been invested in understanding the mechanisms of mineral scaling. Although anti-fouling membranes have been successfully fabricated to mitigate organic and biological fouling, little progress has been made on the design and fabrication of scaling-resistant membranes. In this review, we discuss the occurrence and consequences of mineral scaling in different membrane desalination processes, and emphasize the complex nature of membrane scaling regulated by feed-water chemistry. We describe established theories associated with mineral scaling, and highlight the knowledge and technology advances in the field of biomineralization that demonstrates the important role of surface chemistry in controlling mineral formation. Current strategies of scaling mitigation are predominantly independent of membrane materials, while the feasibility of developing scaling-resistant membranes has been indicated but not fully achieved in the literature. Accordingly, potential design strategies and challenges associated with the development of novel membrane materials with improved scaling resistance are discussed, and future research needs are proposed.
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