Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
Volume 42, Issue 9, Pages 331-344Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/CJI.0000000000000289
Keywords
ADCC; gamma delta T cell; CD16; Fc receptor; lymphoma
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Funding
- Verein Hilfe fur Krebskranke e.V.
- W. Lutz Stiftung for Dominik Pretscher
- MSD
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Tumor antigen-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important element of current cancer therapies. Some of these therapeutic mAbs enable antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells. However, cancer-related functional impairment of immune effector cells may limit the clinical efficacy of antibody treatments. We reckoned that combining mAbs with cell-based immunotherapies would provide a clinically relevant synergism and benefit for cancer patients. Here, we focus on gamma delta T cells, as earlier studies demonstrated that gamma delta T-cell-based therapies are safe and promising for several types of malignancies. Similar to natural killer cells, their antitumor effects can be enhanced using antibodies, and they could, therefore, become a versatile effector cell platform for use with a variety of licensed therapeutic mAbs against cancer. In this study, we explore the potential of a combination therapy of activated gamma delta T cells with rituximab and the more recently developed mAbs (obinutuzumab and daratumumab) in different B-cell malignancies in vitro. Obinutuzumab outperformed the other mAbs with regard to direct target cell lysis and ADCC by gamma delta T cells in several CD20(+) cell lines and primary lymphoma specimens. We demonstrate that comparatively few CD16(low) gamma delta T cells are sufficient to mediate a strong ADCC. Using Fc-receptor-positive B-cell lymphomas as target cells, ADCC cannot be blocked by high concentrations of immunoglobulins or anti-CD16 antibodies, but both substances can promote cell mediated target cell lysis. This study expands on earlier reports on the therapeutic potential of distinctive tumor antigen-targeting mAbs and facilitates the understanding of the mechanism and potential of ADCC by gamma delta T-cell subsets.
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