Journal
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
Volume 23, Issue 9, Pages 5868-5875Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14529
Keywords
Gram-negative bacterium; pneumonia; TLR4; Traditional Chinese Medicine
Categories
Funding
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [7182071]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81503399]
- National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Development [2013ZX09102026]
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Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) emerge as important pathogens causing pulmonary infection, which can develop into sepsis due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics. GNB pneumonia poses a huge social and economic burden all over the world. During GNB infection in the lung, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) can form a complex with MD2 and CD14 after recognizing lipopolysaccharide of GNB, initiate the MyD88- and TRIF-dependent signalling pathways and stimulate host non-specific immune response. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the role of TLR4 in GNB pneumonia. The latest experimental results, especially in TLR4 knockout animals, suggest a promising potential of targeting TLR4 signalling pathway for the treatment of GNB pneumonia. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of Traditional Chinese Medicine as novel candidates for the therapy of GNB pneumonia due to the modulation of TLR4 signalling pathway. Finally, we discuss the promise and challenge in the development of TLR4-based drugs for GNB pneumonia.
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