Journal
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 67, Issue 26, Pages 7399-7409Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02142
Keywords
flavonoid; flavonoid biosynthetic pathway; flavonol; flavonol synthase; kaempferol; quercetin; rice
Funding
- National Institute of Agricultural Science [PJ012458]
- Next Generation BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ013360, PJ013346]
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Flavonol synthase (FLS) belongs to the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily. We isolated OsFLS from the rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar Ilmi OsFLS includes highly conserved 2-ODD-specific motifs and FLS-specific regions. Recombinant OsFLS exhibited both FLS and flavanone 3 beta-hydroxylase (F3H) activities, converting dihydroflavonols into flavonols and flavanones into dihydroflavonols, respectively, and more efficiently used dihydrokaempferol than dihydroquercetin as a substrate. OsFLS was expressed in both nonpigmented and pigmented rice seeds and was developmentally regulated during seed maturation. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants expressing OsFLS produced pale pink or white flowers with significantly increased levels of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and dramatically reduced levels of anthocyanin in their petals. Additionally, pod size and weight were reduced compared to the wild type. Several early and late biosynthetic genes of flavonoid were downregulated in the transgenic flowers. We demonstrated that OsFLS is a bifunctional 2-ODD enzyme and functions in flavonol production in planta.
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