Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 20, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143423
Keywords
microorganism; extreme environment; biofilm; extracellular polymeric substances (EPS); adaptative mechanism
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD0500204]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31770087]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2662017PY112, 2662015PY175]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M630872]
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Microbial biofilms are communities of aggregated microbial cells embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biofilms are recalcitrant to extreme environments, and can protect microorganisms from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, extreme temperature, extreme pH, high salinity, high pressure, poor nutrients, antibiotics, etc., by acting as protective clothing. In recent years, research works on biofilms have been mainly focused on biofilm-associated infections and strategies for combating microbial biofilms. In this review, we focus instead on the contemporary perspectives of biofilm formation in extreme environments, and describe the fundamental roles of biofilm in protecting microbial exposure to extreme environmental stresses and the regulatory factors involved in biofilm formation. Understanding the mechanisms of biofilm formation in extreme environments is essential for the employment of beneficial microorganisms and prevention of harmful microorganisms.
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