Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 20, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123092
Keywords
temperature; warming; acidification; calcification; Contaminant; pollution; bioindicator; ecotoxicology; environmental assessment
Funding
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq-Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Toxicologia Aquatica, Brasilia, DF, Brazil) [573949/2008-5]
- Coordenacao de Apoio ao Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES-Programa Ciencias do Mar, Brasilia, DF, Brazil) [84/2010]
- Brazilian CNPq [304430/2009-9]
- International Research Chair Program from the International Development Research Center (IDRC
- Ottawa, ON, Canada)
- CAPES
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
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The emission of greenhouse gases has grown in unprecedented levels since the beginning of the industrial era. As a result, global climate changes, such as heightened global temperature and ocean acidification, are expected to negatively impact populations. Similarly, industrial and urban unsustainable development are also expected to impose local impacts of their own, such as environmental pollution with organic and inorganic chemicals. As an answer, biomarkers can be used in environmental programs to assess these impacts. These tools are based in the quantification of biochemical and cellular responses of target species that are known to respond in a sensitive and specific way to such stresses. In this context, carbonic anhydrase has shown to be a promising biomarker candidate for the assessment of global and local impacts in biomonitoring programs, especially in marine zones, such as coral reefs, considering the pivotal role of this enzyme in the calcification process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to show the recent advances in the carbonic anhydrase research and the reasons why it can be considered as a promising biomarker to be used for calcifying organisms.
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