Journal
IMMUNITY
Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 398-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.024
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Funding
- Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES [ZIAAI005047, ZIAAI005033, ZICAI005133, ZIAAI005143, ZIAAI005003] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Vaccine-induced memory B cell responses to evolving viruses like influenza A involve activation of pre-existing immunity and generation of new responses. To define the contribution of these two types of responses, we analyzed the response to H7N9 vaccination in H7N9-naive adults. We performed comprehensive comparisons at the single-cell level of the kinetics, Ig repertoire, and activation phenotype of established pre-existing memory B cells recognizing conserved epitopes and the newly generated memory B cells directed toward H7 strain-specific epitopes. The recall response to conserved epitopes on H7 HA involved a transient expansion of memory B cells with little observed adaptation. However, the B cell response to newly encountered epitopes was phenotypically distinct and generated a sustained memory population that evolved and affinity matured months after vaccination. These findings establish clear differences between newly generated and pre-existing memory B cells, highlighting the challenges in achieving long-lasting, broad protection against an ever-evolving virus.
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