Journal
HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 80, Issue 6, Pages 363-377Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.04.006
Keywords
B cells; Antibody-independent B cell functions; Regulatory B cells; Lymphoid organogenesis; T cell repertoire
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AI123262, AI122369, OD023138]
- Department of Defense [CDMRP12459925]
- University of Michigan (Cardiovascular Center)
- University of Michigan (MICHR Bench to Bedside Translation Award)
- University of Michigan (Michigan Genomics Initiative)
- University of Michigan (Rogel Cancer Center)
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B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against microorganisms and the products of micro-organisms and constitute the canonical function of B cells. Despite the unique differentiation (e.g. recombination and mutation of immunoglobulin gene segments) toward this canonical function, B cells can provide other, non-canonical functions, such as facilitating of lymphoid organogenesis and remodeling and fashioning T cell repertoires and modifying T cell responses. Some non-canonical functions are exerted by antibodies, but most are mediated by other products and/or direct actions of B cells. The diverse set of non-canonical functions makes the B cell as much as any cell a central organizer of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the diverse products and actions also confound efforts to weigh the importance of individual non-canonical B cell functions. Here we shall describe the non-canonical functions of B cells and offer our perspective on how those functions converge in the development and governance of immunity, particularly immunity to transplants, and hurdles to advancing understanding of B cell functions in transplantation.
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