Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 46, Issue 11, Pages 6128-6137Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2019GL082504
Keywords
dust indirect effects; ice nucleation; mixed-phase clouds
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Climate Model Development and Validation-Mesoscale Convective System project (CMDV-MCS) [DE-SC0016304]
- DOE's Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0014239, DE-SC0018926]
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0014239, DE-SC0018926, DE-SC0016304] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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Mineral dust plays an important role in the primary formation of ice crystals in mixed-phase clouds by acting as ice nucleating particles (INPs). It can influence the cloud phase transition and radiative forcing of mixed-phase clouds, both of which are crucial to global energy budget and climate. In this study, we investigate the dust indirect effects on mixed-phase clouds through heterogeneous ice nucleation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). Dust and INP concentrations simulated from two versions of E3SM with three ice nucleation parameterizations were evaluated against observations in the Northern Hemisphere. Constrained by these observations, E3SM shows that dust INPs induce a global mean net cloud radiative effect of 0.05 to 0.26W/m(2) with the predominant warming appearing in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. However, a cooling effect is found in the Arctic due to reduced longwave cloud forcing.
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