Journal
FUEL
Volume 248, Issue -, Pages 205-214Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.039
Keywords
Rheology; Reduced viscosity; Polyacrylamide; Carbon quantum dots; Viscoelasticity
Categories
Funding
- Petroleum Technology Development Funds (PTDF), Nigeria
- European Research Council (ERC-2014-CoG) [648375]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Viscosity is one of the key factors which influence the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this study, we have demonstrated the viscosity reduction of PAM solution by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through rheological, spectroscopic and thermal analyses. The stability of PAM, CQDs, and PAM/CQDs composites, and the chemical interactions between PAM and CQDs were investigated. The addition of CQDs into PAM solution decreased its viscosity, demonstrating a phenomenon which contradicts the expression normally derived from the Einstein-Batchelor law for the viscosity of particle suspensions. Consequently, the elastic properties of PAM/CQDs composites were lower than those of the pure PAM solutions. Moreover, the presence of CQDs in the PAM increased its flow activation energy and decreased its yield point, leading to an increased sensitivity to both temperature and shear rate. The mechanism behind the reduced viscosity behaviour of PAM/CQDs composites appears to be the formation of free radicals and the elimination of ammonia molecules, leading to the deterioration of the polymer backbone.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available