Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 399-407Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02022-4
Keywords
Chronic kidney disease; Proteinuria; Fish; Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [HHSN268201300025C, HHSN268201300026C, HHSN268201300027C, HSN268201300028C, HHSN268201300029C, HHSN268200900041C]
- Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA)
- NIA [AG0005]
- NHLBI [AG0005]
- NIH [R01HL081572, R01ES021735]
- Ajou University School of Medicine, the Republic of Korea
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Purpose The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly in many countries and has become a major public health concern. Although intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC omega 3PUFA) and its food source-fish-may have renal protective effects, little is known about the longitudinal association between these dietary factors and CKD incidence. Methods A total of 4133 healthy individuals of black and white race aged 18-30 at baseline (1985-1986) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study were enrolled and followed up over 25 years. LC omega 3PUFA and fish intake were assessed by an interview-based dietary history questionnaire at baseline, year 7 (1992-1993) and 20 (2005-2006). Results Four hundred and eighty-nine incident cases of CKD were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders, LC omega 3PUFA intake was inversely associated with CKD incidence [HR = 0.73 (95% CI 0.60-0.89), P = 0.002, with one standard division (0.19 g/day) increment in LC omega 3PUFA]. This inverse association was persisted among females [0.64 (95% CI 0.48, 0.84; P = 0.002], but not males (P-interaction = 0.070). A marginal significant inverse association was also found between non-fried fish consumption and CKD incidence (HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 1.01; P = 0.073). Conclusions Dietary LC omega 3PUFA intake was inversely associated with incidence of CKD among American young adults over 25 years of follow-up. The suggestive evidence of the inverse association between non-fried fish consumption with CKD incidence needs further confirmation.
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