Cold-water immersion blunts and delays increases in circulating testosterone and cytokines post-resistance exercise

IntroductionCold-water immersion (CWI) is often used to promote recovery by reducing exercise-induced muscle damage, soreness, and inflammation. However, recent reports have cautioned that CWI may attenuate the adaptive response to resistance training.PurposeTo determine the effect of post resistance-exercise CWI on circulating free testosterone (T) and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) response.MethodsUsing a randomized and counterbalanced repeated-measures design, 11 resistance-trained men completed two workouts (6 sets of 10 repetitions of back squats at 80% of maximum load) a week apart after which they took part in either 15min of CWI (15 degrees C) or passive recovery. T, IL-6, and TNF alpha were measured in blood samples taken before (PRE) and 5 (5POST), 15 (15POST), 30 (30POST), and 60 (60POST) min post-exercise and compared between treatments and over time.ResultsFor T, a significant interaction effect of condition over time (p=0.030) as well as greater relative concentrations of T in CON (Delta 9.2%) than CWI (Delta-0.5%, p=0.049) at 30POST were observed. In addition, at 60POST, T dropped below PRE values in CWI (Delta-10.4%, p=0.028) but not in CON (Delta-1.6%, p=0.850). A suppressed cytokine response was observed after CWI in IL-6 at 30POST (CWI: Delta 4.9%, CON: Delta 47.5%, p=0.041) and TNF alpha at 15POST (CWI: Delta 5.3%, CON: Delta 17.0%, p=0.022).ConclusionsCWI blunted the T and cytokine response after a bout of resistance exercise. These results indicate that CWI results in an altered anabolic response and may help to explain the previous observation of attenuated hypertrophy when CWI is used after resistance exercise.