Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 26, Issue 25, Pages 25690-25701Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05566-4
Keywords
Micropollutants; Landfill leachates; Cruise ship wastewater; Municipal and industrial wastewater; Treatment approach
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Funding
- Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Gdansk [RX-15/13/2017]
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In this study, wastewater from municipal services, such as a port wastewater reception facility (PRF-WW) and a municipal solid waste plant (MSWP), was tested for the presence of the suspected endocrine-disrupting compounds phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA). PAEs and BPA were found in this study in high concentrations in raw wastewater obtained from passenger ships (RMT-WWs) (up to 738 mu g/L and 957 mu g/L, respectively) collected in the Port of Gdynia and in landfill leachates (LLs) (up to 536 mu g/L and up to 2202 mu g/L, respectively) from a MSWP located near Gdynia. In particular, the presence of reprotoxic di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP, up to 536 mu g/L in LLs and up to 738 mu g/L in RMT-WWs) requires further action because if this compound, as well as other PAEs and BPA, is not degraded by activated sludge microorganisms, it may reach receiving waters and adversely impact aquatic organisms. Therefore, PAEs and BPA should be removed either during the onsite pretreatment of tested industrial wastewater or during tertiary treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs, representing end-of-pipe technology).
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