Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
Volume 178, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108613
Keywords
Biomonitoring; Pesticides; Human exposure; Organophosphate insecticides; Pyrethroid insecticides
Funding
- University of Queensland Research Scholarships
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Environmental and behavioural factors assessed via an online questionnaire were compared to insecticide metabolite concentrations in urine collected from 61 children from South East Queensland, Australia. Metabolite concentrations (mu g/L urine) were transformed using the natural logarithm prior to regression analysis and adjusted for age and creatinine. A significant dietary association was reported for vegetable intake and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) (beta: 1.47 for top quartile of intake versus bottom quartile of intake 95% CI: 0.36, 2.57). Intake of vegetables and fruit were also positively associated with sum non-specific organophosphate metabolites (Sigma nsOP). Sigma nsOP concentrations were lower when fruits and vegetables were always or almost always washed prior to cooking or eating (beta: -0.69 95% CI: -1.25, -0.12). In multivariable modelling 3-PBA concentrations were also associated with hand-washing frequency (beta: 1.69 95% CI: 0.76, 2.61 for <1 day versus?>?3 day), presence of a dog in the home (beta: 0.73 95% CI: 0.07, 1.38), frequency of pest-spray use in the summer months (beta: 0.88 95% CI: 0.22, 1.54 weekly versus less than weekly) and season (beta: 0.88 95% CI: 0.32, 1.44 for spring/summer versus winter/autumn). This is the first study in Australia to report dietary, behavioural and environmental factors associated with biomarkers of insecticide exposure in young children.
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