Journal
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 312, Issue -, Pages 263-271Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.037
Keywords
Nano-sized tin phosphide; Sandwiched spherical graphene; Solvothermal phosphorization; In-situ synthesis; Tin nanoparticles
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11575105, 21501119, 21601120]
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Tin phosphide (Sn4P3) has a high theoretical specific capacity as anode material for lithium-ion batteries, nevertheless the large volumetric expansion during lithium insertion and Li-Sn alloying suppresses its application. Herein, we design sandwiched hollow spherical graphene-wrapping Sn4P3 nanoparticles composite by in situ solvothermal phosphorization from nano-sized tetragonal-Sn. The product perfectly inherits the sandwich hollow spherical structure from the Sn precursor, a stable and high content C-O-P covalent bond is formed between the Sn4P3 active substrate and graphene skeleton to improve the binding force and electrical conductivity. More importantly, the layer-structure Sn4P3 nanoparticles (20-50 nm) are inserted in the loosely stacking graphene shells, thus the radial volume expansion along c-axis and Sn aggregation can be effectively buffered. The synergy effect provides the transformed product with fewer structural changes comparing with metal Sn anodes, lithiation-generated Li3P and Sn can inter-support for each other to promote the conversion reaction with high reversibility. Thus, the sandwich-Sn4P3/spherical graphene composite exhibits excellent structural integrity and cycling stability, a high reversible capacity of 606.4 mAh g(-1) is preserved at a rate of 0.1C over 100 cycles. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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