Journal
CLINICAL GENETICS
Volume 96, Issue 4, Pages 366-370Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/cge.13605
Keywords
beta-catenin; epistatic interactions; neonatal lung disease; T-box transcription factor 4
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Funding
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [R35 NS105078]
- US National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)/NHLBI [UM1HG006542]
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [R01HL137203]
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The canonical wingless (Wnt) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways involving CTNNB1 and TBX4, respectively, are crucial for the regulation of human development. Perturbations of these pathways and disruptions from biological homeostasis have been associated with abnormal morphogenesis of multiple organs, including the lung. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying genetic cause of abnormal lung growth, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), severe microcephaly, and muscle spasticity in a full-term newborn, who died at 4 months of age due to progressively worsening PAH and respiratory failure. Family trio exome sequencing showed a de novo heterozygous nonsense c.1603C>T (p.Arg535*) variant in CTNNB1 and a paternally inherited heterozygous missense c.1198G>A (p.Glu400Lys) variant in TBX4, both predicted to be likely deleterious. We expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with CTNNB1 and TBX4 variants and indicate that they could act synergistically to produce a distinct more severe phenotype. Our findings further support a recently proposed complex compound inheritance model in lethal lung developmental diseases and the contention that dual molecular diagnoses can parsimoniously explain blended phenotypes.
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