Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 12, Issue 18, Pages 4176-4184Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901770
Keywords
batteries; ionic liquids; lithium; sulfur; electrolytes
Funding
- Chalmers Areas of Advanced Materials Science and Energy
- Swedish Energy Agency
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science and ICT [NRF2017R1A4A1015711]
- FORMAS
- National Research Foundation of Korea [21A20151713274, 2017R1A4A1015711] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Lithium-sulfur (Li/S) batteries suffer from shuttle reactions in which soluble polysulfide species continuously migrate to and from the Li metal anode. As a consequence, the loss of active material and reactions at the surface of Li limit the practical applications of Li/S batteries. LiNO3 has been proposed as an electrolyte additive to reduce the shuttle reactions by aiding the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the Li metal, limiting polysulfide shuttling. However, LiNO3 is continuously consumed during cycling, especially at low current rates. Therefore, the Li/S battery cycle life is limited by the LiNO3 concentration in the electrolyte. In this work, an ionic liquid (IL) [N-methyl-(n-butyl)pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] was used as an additive to enable longer cycle life of Li/S batteries. By tuning the IL concentration, an enhanced stability of the SEI and lower flammability of the solutions were demonstrated, that is, higher safety of the battery. The Li/S cell built with a high sulfur mass loading (4 mg cm(-2)) and containing the IL-based electrolyte demonstrated a stable capacity of 600 mAh g(-1) for more than double the number of cycles of a cell containing LiNO3 additive.
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