Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 36, Issue -, Pages 33-43Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.039
Keywords
Foreign body response; Macrophage; Cytokine; Inflammation; Electrode; Finite element analysis
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [NIH RO1 NS467700]
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Available evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by immune cells are likely responsible for the negative sequela associated with the foreign body response (FBR) to chronic indwelling implants in brain tissue. In this study a computational modeling approach was used to design a diffusion sink placed at the device surface that would retain pro-inflammatory cytokines for sufficient time to passively antagonize their impact on the FBA. Using quantitative immunohistochemistry, we examined the FBR to such engineered devices after a 16-week implantation period in the cortex of adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Our results indicate that thick permeable surface coatings, which served as diffusion sinks, significantly reduced the FBR compared to implants either with no coating or with a thinner coating. The results suggest that increasing surface permeability of solid implanted devices to create a diffusion sink can be used to reduce the FBR and improve biocompatibility of chronic indwelling devices in brain tissue. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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