Journal
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
Volume 52, Issue 18, Pages 2974-2992Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636057
Keywords
Aromatic amines; extraction; gas chromatography (GC); high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); human urine; sample preparation; tobacco smoke
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Funding
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia (FRGS) [203/CIPPT/6711557, FP071-2018A]
- University Malaya Faculty Research Grant [GPF058B-2018]
- Malaysian Pharmaceutical Industries (MPI) Sdn. Bhd.
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Aromatic amines found in tobacco smoke are carcinogenic to humans. There are no doubts that they cause of cancers in the lungs, bladder, kidneys, pancreas, esophagus, larynx, pharynx, and oral cavities associated with public health. Therefore, monitoring, control, and awareness toward the smoking effects are important subjects to be conveyed. Thus, rapid, sensitive, simple and accurate analytical methods for the identification of aromatic amines and their metabolites are required to provide a clear and complete visualization for the occurrence of aromatic amines by investigating the urine of smokers and nonsmokers. This comprehensive review serves to give an overview of the previous and recent studies about the analytical trends for the determination of urinary aromatic amines. This review covers the sampling methodologies and sample preparation techniques such as solvent extraction, solid phase extraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction couple with different separation methods including gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. To add more value to this review paper, the advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and the future prospects of these methods are discussed as well. This review is hopefully beneficial for researchers to access and monitor the level of potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines in human urine.
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