Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages 562-573Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz145
Keywords
ketogenic diet; low-carbohydrate high-fat diet; keto-adaptation; exercise; skeletal muscle; FGF21; adiponectin; IL-6; microbiome
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Funding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
- Samuel and Emma Winters Foundation
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The ketogenic diet (KD) is a normocaloric diet composed of high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein that induces fasting-like effects and results in the production of ketone bodies. Initially used widely for children with refractory epilepsy, the KD gained popularity due to its beneficial effects on weight loss, diabetes, and cancer. In recent years, there has been a resurgence in interest surrounding the KD and exercise performance. This review provides new insights into the adaptation period necessary for enhancement in skeletal muscle fat and ketone oxidation after sustained nutritional ketosis. In addition, this review highlights metabolically active growth factors and cytokines, which may function as important regulators of keto-adaptation in the setting of exercise and the KD.
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