FeOx Derived from an Iron-Containing Polyoxometalate Boosting the Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity of Ti3+-Doped TiO2

The development of efficient and stable catalyst systems using low-cost, abundant, and nontoxic materials is the primary demand for photocatalytic water oxidation. Distinguishing the true active species in a heterogeneous catalytic system is important for construction of efficient catalytic systems. Herein, hydrothermally synthesized Ti3+ self-doped TiO2, labeled as Ti3+/TiO2, was first used as a light absorber in a powder visible light-driven photocatalytic water oxidation reaction. When an iron-containing polyoxometalate Na-27[Fe-11(H2O)(14)(OH)(2)(W3O10)(2)(alpha-SbW9O33)(6)] (Fe11) was used as a cocatalyst, an amorphous layer of active species was wrapped outside the initial Ti3+/TiO2 nanorod and the in situ formed composite was labeled as F/Ti3+/TiO2. When the composite F/Ti3+/TiO2 was tested as a photocatalytic water oxidation catalyst, dramatically improved oxygen evolution performance was achieved. The composite F/Ti3+/TiO2 showed an oxygen evolution rate of 410 mu mol/g/h, which was about 11-fold higher than that of prism Ti3+/TiO2. After 24 h of illumination, an O-2 yield of 36.4% was achieved. The contrast experiments, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization demonstrated that FeOx is the true cocatalyst that enhanced the oxygen evolution activity of TiO2. A recycling experiment proved that the composite F/Ti3+/TiO2 has favorable stability in the oxygen production process.