Journal
BIOFUELS-UK
Volume 12, Issue 9, Pages 1109-1121Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2019.1583717
Keywords
Melaleuca cajuputi oil; biodiesel spray; primary breakup; nozzle flow
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Fundamental Research Grant Scheme [FRGS/1/2016/TK07/USM/02/2, 203.PMEKANIK.6071356, 304.PAERO.6316093]
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The study introduced the discrete phase model to analyze and compare the spray characteristics of different biofuel blends, verified the accuracy of experimental and numerical results, and found that using diesel fuel in the conical convergent nozzle results in higher liquid penetration.
Binary biofuel has a relatively higher viscosity compared to conventional diesel, which affects the spray injection and restricts the maximum evaporation. In this paper, the discrete phase model (DPM) was introduced to study the spray characteristics of four different biofuels, commercial diesel fuel (CDF), pure Melaleuca cajuputi oil, binary blend and ternary blend in a fuel injector. The spray characteristics of various biofuel blends are analyzed and compared to those of pure diesel. A numerical analysis was conducted to study spray characteristics such as Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and penetration for different biofuel blends. Verification and validation from the experimental results and numerical results are also presented. Furthermore, two types of injector hole geometries, cylindrical and conical, are studied. Simulations of the spray evolution are also discussed, highlighting the differences between the use of fossil diesel and biodiesel fuels in terms of spray penetration, atomization and cone angle. Usage of diesel fuel in the conical convergent nozzle gives higher liquid penetration. The results show that the DPM successfully predicted the spray characteristics, such as SMD and penetration of droplet particles, of all biofuel blends.
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