Journal
BIOMATERIALS
Volume 69, Issue -, Pages 56-64Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.008
Keywords
Nanomaterials; Photo-responsive; Male sterilization; Sterilants; Toxicity
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB720602, 2011CB936004]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91213302, 21210002, 21303182, 21431007, 21403209, 91413111]
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Permanent male sterilization has been recognized as useful tools for the development of neuter experimental animals and fattening livestock, as well as efficient control of pet overpopulation. Traditional routes such as surgical ways, chemical injections, and anti-fertility vaccines have addressed these crucial problems with idea outcomes. However, these routes usually bring out serious pain and infection towards animals, as well as induce long-term adverse reaction and immune suppression. Thus, a convenient, but non-surgical strategy for male sterilization under a mild manner is highly desirable. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate a novel platform for male sterilization by using single-layer WO2.72 nanosheets as smart photo-responsive sterilants. Upon a 980 nm irradiation, these nanoagents can possess intrinsic NIR-induced hyperthermia and sensitize the formation of singlet oxygen due to the cooperation of photothermal and photodynamic effects. Mechanism of cellular injury can be attributed to the denaturation of protein and apoptosis-related death. Moreover, long-term toxicity and possible metabolism route after testicular injection are discussed, indicating the neglectable systemic toxicity and high bio-compatibility of our nanoagents. Overall, our strategy can extremely overcome the shortcomings in various routine routes and suggest the new biological application of nanomaterials. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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