Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030382
Keywords
amylase; AMY1 copy numbers; salivary amylase gene; obesity; cardiometabolic risk; insulin sensitivity; insulin secretion; inflammation
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia [1047897]
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Lower copy number variations (CNVs) in the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance; however, the relationship between AMY1 and cardiometabolic risk has not been fully elucidated. Using gold-standard measures, we aimed to examine whether AMY1 CNVs are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in an overweight or obese, otherwise healthy population. Fifty-seven adults (58% male) aged 31.17 +/- 8.44 years with a body mass index (BMI) >= 25 kg/m(2) were included in the study. We measured AMY1 CNVs (qPCR); anthropometry (BMI; body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry); cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, serum lipids by ELISA); insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp), insulin secretion (intravenous glucose tolerance test), and serum inflammation markers (multiplex assays). Based on previous studies and median values, participants were divided into low (<= 4) and high (>4) AMY1 CNV groups. Low AMY1 carriers (n = 29) had a higher fat mass (40.76 +/- 12.11 versus 33.33 +/- 8.50 kg, p = 0.009) and LDL-cholesterol (3.27 +/- 0.80 versus 2.87 +/- 0.69 mmol/L, p = 0.038), and higher serum levels of interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (all p < 0.05) compared with high AMY1 carriers (n = 28), but there were no differences in glycaemic measures, including insulin sensitivity or secretion (all p > 0.1). Except for MCP-1, the results remained significant in multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, and fat mass (all p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that low AMY1 CNVs are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and inflammation, but not glucose metabolism, in overweight or obese adults.
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