Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2252
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Funding
- NSF [ECCS-1610806, DMR/ECCS-1509197]
- U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's NEUP Program [DE-NE0008827]
- U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) [W911NF-18-1-0431]
- MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies [023674]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P28322-N36]
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [756277-ATMEN]
- FWF [I3181-N36]
- Wiener Wissenschafts-, Forschungs-und Technologiefonds (WWTF) project [MA14-009]
- Danish Council for Independent Research
- AUFF NOVA project from Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond
- EU H2020 RISE 2016-MNR4SCell project
- National Key R&D Program of China [2018YFA0305800]
- NSFC [14474279]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB07010100, XDB28000000]
- Escuela Politecnica Nacional (EPN) [PIJ-15-09]
- Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [P28322] Funding Source: Austrian Science Fund (FWF)
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Atomic engineering is envisioned to involve selectively inducing the desired dynamics of single atoms and combining these steps for larger-scale assemblies. Here, we focus on the first part by surveying the single-step dynamics of graphene dopants, primarily phosphorus, caused by electron irradiation both in experiment and simulation, and develop a theory for describing the probabilities of competing configurational outcomes depending on the postcollision momentum vector of the primary knock-on atom. The predicted branching ratio of configurational transformations agrees well with our atomically resolved experiments. This suggests a way for biasing the dynamics toward desired outcomes, paving the road for designing and further upscaling atomic engineering using electron irradiation.
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