Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1110
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Funding
- PACES Research Program of the Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Polar-und Meeresforschung
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- French ANR projects HAPAR [2014-DEFI 1]
- European Project Micro B3 [287589]
- UCL Excellence Fellowship
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council [RGPIN-2014-03994]
- ANR [HAPARANR-14-CE02-0007]
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Dinoflagellates are microbial eukaryotes that have exceptionally large nuclear genomes; however, their organelle genomes are small and fragmented and contain fewer genes than those of other eukaryotes. The genus Amoebophrya (Syndiniales) comprises endoparasites with high genetic diversity that can infect other dinoflagellates, such as those forming harmful algal blooms (e.g., Alexandrium). We sequenced the genome (similar to 100 Mb) of Amoebophrya ceratii to investigate the early evolution of genomic characters in dinoflagellates. The A. ceratii genome encodes almost all essential biosynthetic pathways for self-sustaining cellular metabolism, suggesting a limited dependency on its host. Although dinoflagellates are thought to have descended from a photosynthetic ancestor, A. ceratii appears to have completely lost its plastid and nearly all genes of plastid origin. Functional mitochondria persist in all life stages of A. ceratii, but we found no evidence for the presence of a mitochondrial genome. Instead, all mitochondrial proteins appear to be lost or encoded in the A. ceratii nucleus.
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