Journal
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00500
Keywords
breast cancer; cancer stem cell; cell proliferation assay; mammosphere assay; single-cell analysis; single-cell RNA sequencing
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Funding
- Assar Gabrielssons Research Foundation
- BioCARE National Strategic Research Program at University of Gothenburg
- Johan Jansson Foundation for Cancer Research
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Wallenberg Centre for molecular and translational medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Swedish Cancer Society [2016-438, 2016-486]
- Swedish Research Council [2017-01392, 2016-01530]
- Swedish Childhood Cancer Foundation [2017-0043]
- Swedish government [716321, 721091]
- ALFagreement [716321, 721091]
- Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Foundation for Scientific Research
- VINNOVA
- Swedish Research Council [2016-01530] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Breast cancer tumors display different cellular phenotypes. A growing body of evidence points toward a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that is important for metastasis and treatment resistance, although the characteristics of these cells are incomplete. We used mammosphere formation assay and label-retention assay as functional cellular approaches to enrich for cells with different degree of CSC properties in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. We clustered the cells based on their gene expression profiles and identified three subpopulations, including a CSC-like population. The cell clustering into these subpopulations overlapped with the cellular enrichment approach applied. To molecularly define these groups, we identified genes differentially expressed between the three subpopulations which could be matched to enriched gene sets. We also investigated the transition process from CSC-like cells into more differentiated cell states. In the CSC population we found 14 significantly upregulated genes. Some of these potential breast CSC markers are associated to reported stem cell properties and clinical survival data, but further experimental validation is needed to confirm their cellular functions. Detailed characterization of CSCs improve our understanding of mechanisms for tumor progression and contribute to the identification of new treatment targets.
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