Journal
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
Volume 6, Issue 2, Pages 2366-2378Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2906838
Keywords
Indoor; Internet of Things (IoT); long range; LoRa; LoRaWAN; low-power wide area networks (LPWANs); outdoor; path-loss (PL) model; rural; urban
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Funding
- National Council for Scientific Research in Lebanon CNRS-L
- Saint Joseph University of Beirut
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Recently, LoRaWAN has emerged as a promising technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), owing its ability to support low-power and long-range communications. However, real-world deployment and network optimization require accurate path-loss (PL) modeling, so as to estimate network coverage, performance, and profitability. For that reason, in this paper, LoRaWAN radio channel is investigated in the 868 MHz band. Extensive measurement campaigns were carried out in both indoor and outdoor environments at urban and rural locations in Lebanon (Saint Joseph University of Beirut campus, Beirut city, and Bekaa valley). Based on empirical results, PL models are developed for LoRaWAN communications and compared with widely used empirical models. Moreover, the performance and the coverage of LoRaWAN deployment are evaluated based on real measurements. The results show that the proposed PL models are accurate and simple to be applied in Lebanon and other similar locations. Coverage ranges up to 8 and 45 km were obtained in urban and rural areas, respectively. This reveals the reliability of this promising technology for long-range IoT communications.
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