4.5 Review

A Review on Heterogeneous Nanostructures: A Strategy for Superior Mechanical Properties in Metals

Journal

METALS
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/met9050598

Keywords

strength; ductility; heterogeneous nanostructures; back-stress hardening; strain gradient

Funding

  1. National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0204402, 2017YFB0202802]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [11672313, 11572328, 51601204]
  3. Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB22040503]

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Generally, strength and ductility are mutually exclusive in homogeneous metals. Nanostructured metals can have much higher strength when compared to their coarse-grained counterparts, while simple microstructure refinement to nanoscale generally results in poor strain hardening and limited ductility. In recent years, heterogeneous nanostructures in metals have been proven to be a new strategy to achieve unprecedented mechanical properties that are not accessible to their homogeneous counterparts. Here, we review recent advances in overcoming this strength-ductility trade-off by the designs of several heterogeneous nanostructures in metals: heterogeneous grain/lamellar/phase structures, gradient structure, nanotwinned structure and structure with nanoprecipitates. These structural heterogeneities can induce stress/strain partitioning between domains with dramatically different strengths, strain gradients and geometrically necessary dislocations near domain interfaces, and back-stress strengthening/hardening for high strength and large ductility. This review also provides the guideline for optimizing the mechanical properties in heterogeneous nanostructures by highlighting future challenges and opportunities.

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