Journal
CATALYSTS
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal9050419
Keywords
adsorption; antibiotics; emerging micro-pollutants; waste valorization; water matrix
Categories
Funding
- project INVALOR: Research Infrastructure for Waste Valorization and Sustainable Management - Operational Programme Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation (NSRF 2014-2020) [MIS 5002495]
- European Union (European Regional Development Fund)
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Biochars from spent olive stones were tested for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water matrices. Batch degradation experiments were performed using sodium persulfate (SPS) as the source of radicals in the range 250-1500 mg/L, with biochar as the SPS activator in the range 100-300 mg/L and SMX as the model micro-pollutant in the range 250-2000 g/L. Ultrapure water (UPW), bottled water (BW), and secondary treated wastewater (WW) were employed as the water matrix. Removal of SMX by adsorption only was moderate and favored at acidic conditions, while SPS alone did not practically oxidize SMX. At these conditions, biochar was capable of activating SPS and, consequently, of degrading SMX, with the pseudo-first order rate increasing with increasing biochar and oxidant concentration and decreasing SMX concentration. Experiments in BW or UPW spiked with various anions showed little or no effect on degradation. Similar experiments in WW resulted in a rate reduction of about 30%, and this was attributed to the competitive consumption of reactive radicals by non-target water constituents. Experiments with methanol and t-butanol at excessive concentrations resulted in partial but generally not complete inhibition of degradation; this indicates that, besides the liquid bulk, reactions may also occur close to or on the biochar surface.
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