Journal
CATALYSTS
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/catal9050472
Keywords
municipal wastewater secondary effluent; contaminants of emerging concern; ozonation; light emitting diodes; TiO2-coated glass rings
Categories
Funding
- ERDF-European Funds for Regional Development through MINECO - MINISTERIO DE ECONOMIA Y COMPETITIVIDAD OF SPAIN [CTQ2015-64944-R]
- NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte) [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006]
- COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI)
- FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984]
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Numerous contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have been found in different water bodies. Directive 2013/39/EU and Decision 2018/840/EU are consequently being implemented in the field of water policies. Twelve CECs (e.g., isoproturon, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin are among those listed) were detected in a municipal wastewater secondary effluent by means of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS). Different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), based on the combination of ozone, UVA-LED and powdered TiO2, were investigated for their removal in a semi-batch operation. In addition, TiO2-coated glass rings (P25R) were characterized with different techniques (SEM, WDXRF) and used for continuous mode operation in a packed bed reactor (PBR). Among the AOPs studied, ozone-based processes were found to be more efficient than heterogeneous photocatalysis. A kinetic study was performed showing that direct ozonation is the main oxidation pathway for CEC removal. Ozone was successfully decomposed in combination with UVA-LED and P25R, resulting in an apparent rate constant of 3.2 x 10(-2) s(-1) higher than in the O-3/LED system (1.0 x 10(-3) s(-1)) or with ozone alone (8.6 x 10(-5) s(-1)). Hydroxyl radical reaction could prevail over direct ozone reaction for the most refractory compounds (e.g., isoproturon).
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