Catalyst Speciation during ansa-Zirconocene-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1-Hexene Studied by UV-vis Spectroscopy-Formation and Partial Re-Activation of Zr-Allyl Intermediates

Catalyst speciation during polymerization of 1-hexene in benzene or toluene solutions of the catalyst precursor SBIZr(mu-Me)(2)AlMe2+ B(C6F5)(4)(-) (SBI = rac-dimethylsilyl-bis(1-indenyl)) at 23 degrees C is studied by following the accompanying UV-vis-spectral changes. These indicate that the onset of polymerization catalysis is associated with the concurrent formation of two distinct zirconocene species. One of these is proposed to consist of SBIZr-sigma-polyhexenyl cations arising from SBIZr-Me+ (formed from SBIZr(mu-Me)(2)AlMe2+ by release of AlMe3) by repeated olefin insertions, while the other one is proposed to consist of SBIZr-eta(3)-allyl cations of composition SBIZr-eta(3)-(1-R-C3H4)(+) (R = n-propyl), formed by sigma-bond metathesis between SBIZr-Me+ and 1-hexene under release of methane. At later reaction stages, all zirconocene-sigma-polymeryl cations appear to decay to yet another SBIZr-allyl species, i.e., to cations of the type SBIZr-eta(3)-(x-R-(3-x)-pol-C3H3)(+) (pol = i-polyhexenyl, x = 1 or 2). Renewed addition of excess 1-hexene is proposed to convert these sterically encumbered Zr-allyl cations back to catalytically active SBIZr-sigma-polymeryl cations within a few seconds, presumably by initial 1-hexene insertion into the eta(1)- isomer, followed by repeated additional insertions, while the initially formed, less crowded allyl cations, SBIZr-eta(3)-(1-R-C3H4)(+) appear to remain unchanged. Implications of these results with regard to the kinetics of zirconocene-catalyzed olefin polymerization are discussed.