Assessment of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of homosalate in MCF-7

Background UV filters should be determined a strict toxicological safety prior to approval. Homosalate (HMS) is one of the most widely used organic UV filter. HMS accumulates in aquatic biota ecosystems and humans through the food chain; therefore, it is important to consider the effects on health and know its mechanisms of action. Aims The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of HMS in MCF-7 cell line. Methods Cell viability was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell membrane integrity by the lactate dehydrogenase release assays (LDH), and genotoxicity by using the micronucleus test at 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mu M concentrations with the human breast cell line MCF-7. Results Homosalate affected the cell viability dose-dependently at a concentrations of above 1000 mu M. Micronucleus formation was significantly induced at 750 and 1000 mu M within 24 hours due to an increase in cytostatic effect, the cell viability of HMS decreased to 57% at a concentration of 2000 mu M, and a sufficient number of binucleated cells could not be obtained to count. Homosalate was also clastogenic when the cells were incubated at cytotoxic concentrations. Conclusion These results suggest that homosalate can be considered as a cytotoxic and genotoxic substance.