Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09383-8
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11675136]
- Croucher Foundation
- John Templeton Foundation [60609]
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
- Hong Research Grant Council [17300317, 17300918]
- Foundational Questions Institute [FQXi-RFP3-1325]
- John Templeton Foundation
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
- Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
- Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science
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The ability to identify cause-effect relations is an essential component of the scientific method. The identification of causal relations is generally accomplished through statistical trials where alternative hypotheses are tested against each other. Traditionally, such trials have been based on classical statistics. However, classical statistics becomes inadequate at the quantum scale, where a richer spectrum of causal relations is accessible. Here we show that quantum strategies can greatly speed up the identification of causal relations. We analyse the task of identifying the effect of a given variable, and we show that the optimal quantum strategy beats all classical strategies by running multiple equivalent tests in a quantum superposition. The same working principle leads to advantages in the detection of a causal link between two variables, and in the identification of the cause of a given variable.
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