Journal
ANTICANCER RESEARCH
Volume 36, Issue 11, Pages 5593-5606Publisher
INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.11144
Keywords
Cancer immunology; immunotherapy; checkpoint inhibitor; PD1; PDL1; CTLA4
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Hanahan and Weinberg described six distinct biological properties of cancer cells that enable tumor growth and metastasis. These properties were referred to as the traditional hallmarks of cancer. Recent discoveries further elucidated hallmarks including evasion of immune destruction by tumor cells that disrupt anticancer response pathways. This review discusses cancer immunology and new treatment strategies aimed at restoration of antitumor immune responses.
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