Journal
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, VOL 54
Volume 54, Issue -, Pages 121-142Publisher
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080615-100114
Keywords
endophyte; microbial antagonism; plant-parasitic nematodes; entomopathogenic nematodes; induced plant defenses; toxins; pest and disease management
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Colonization of plants by particular endophytic fungi can provide plants with improved defenses toward nematodes. Evidently, such endophytes can be important in developing more sustainable agricultural practices. The mechanisms playing a role in this quantitative antagonism are poorly understood but most likely multifactorial. This knowledge gap obstructs the progress regarding the development of endophytes or endophyte-derived constituents into biocontrol agents. In part, this may be caused by the fact that endophytic fungi form a rather heterogeneous group. By combining the knowledge of the currently characterized antagonistic endophytic fungi and their effects on nematode behavior and biology with the knowledge of microbial competition and induced plant defenses, the various mechanisms by which this nematode antagonism operates or may operate are discussed. Now that new technologies are becoming available and more accessible, the currently unresolved mechanisms can be studied in greater detail than ever before.
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